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Home Learn Classroom Primary Source Sets Primary Source Set: Roxcy Bolton and Rights for Women

Primary Source Set
Roxcy Bolton and Rights for Women

Florida feminist Roxcy Bolton spent her life advocating for women’s rights in the state and around the country. A long-time Coral Gables resident, Bolton is credited with gaining access for women to the previously all-male lunchrooms at Burdines and Jordan Marsh department stores; for helping to end the practice of naming hurricanes only for women; and for opening the influential Tiger Bay political club to women.

Bolton was one of the first Florida women to join the National Organization for Women (NOW) after its founding in 1966, and she served as national vice president after being elected to the board of directors in 1968. She also founded and served as the first president of the Miami-Dade Chapter of NOW in 1968. Bolton took NOW’s message to county commissioners, town councils and university presidents, arguing the case for equal rights for women and actively campaigning for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She convinced U.S. Senator Birch Bayh to hold the first hearings on the ERA before Congress in 1970.

In 1972, Bolton was the driving force behind the designation of August 26 as Women’s Equality Day. The proclamation by President Richard Nixon establishing the day was later presented to Bolton in recognition of her diligent work for equal rights.

Photo credit: Portrait of Roxcy Bolton.

(State Archives of Florida)


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Documents

Roxcy Bolton with Eleanor Roosevelt.

Roxcy Bolton with Eleanor Roosevelt.

First Lady Lady Bird Johnson with others aboard the campaign train.

First Lady Lady Bird Johnson with others aboard the campaign train.

Letter from the President of Jordan Marsh Florida to Roxcy Bolton, 1969

Letter from the President of Jordan Marsh Florida to Roxcy Bolton, 1969

Letter from Vice President and Publicity Director of Burdine's to Roxcy Bolton, 1969

Letter from Vice President and Publicity Director of Burdine's to Roxcy Bolton, 1969

Letter from Victoria J. Powell to Roxcy Bolton Regarding a Requirement for Girls to Study Home Economics in High School, April 29, 1970

Letter from Victoria J. Powell to Roxcy Bolton Regarding a Requirement for Girls to Study Home Economics in High School, April 29, 1970

Letter from Roxcy Bolton to the Director of the Hurricane Center in Coral Gables Regarding the Naming of Hurricanes, 1970

Letter from Roxcy Bolton to the Director of the Hurricane Center in Coral Gables Regarding the Naming of Hurricanes, 1970

Letter from Roxcy Bolton to R.H. Simpson of the National Weather Service Regarding Hurricane Names, January 1, 1972

Letter from Roxcy Bolton to R.H. Simpson of the National Weather Service Regarding Hurricane Names, January 1, 1972

Letter from Senator Edward Gurney to Roxcy Bolton, 1971

Letter from Senator Edward Gurney to Roxcy Bolton, 1971

Letter from Estelle J.M. Greene to Roxcy Bolton, 1972

Letter from Estelle J.M. Greene to Roxcy Bolton, 1972

Letter from Eastern Air Lines Official Marvin C. Amos to Roxcy Bolton Regarding Company Policies, June 5, 1972

Letter from Eastern Air Lines Official Marvin C. Amos to Roxcy Bolton Regarding Company Policies, June 5, 1972

Women's Rights Day Proclamation Presented to Roxcy Bolton by Edward Gurney, 1972

Women's Rights Day Proclamation Presented to Roxcy Bolton by Edward Gurney, 1972

Letter from Joan Sturhahn to Roxcy Bolton Asking for Help Changing Her Name, April 4, 1975

Letter from Joan Sturhahn to Roxcy Bolton Asking for Help Changing Her Name, April 4, 1975

Roxcy Bolton, right, at the Miami rape treatment center

Roxcy Bolton, right, at the Miami rape treatment center

Letter from Patti Griffiths to Roxcy Bolton Asking for Help Establishing a Rape Crisis Center in Ocala, December 24, 1975

Letter from Patti Griffiths to Roxcy Bolton Asking for Help Establishing a Rape Crisis Center in Ocala, December 24, 1975

Remarks by Florida Secretary of State Richard Stone Announcing the Establishment of the Florida Women's Archives Collection, April 15, 1974

Remarks by Florida Secretary of State Richard Stone Announcing the Establishment of the Florida Women's Archives Collection, April 15, 1974

ERA march.

ERA march.

Resume of Roxcy O'Neal Bolton, ca. 1988

Resume of Roxcy O'Neal Bolton, ca. 1988

Reflections by Journalist Molly Turner on Her Experiences with Roxcy Bolton, January 25, 1994

Reflections by Journalist Molly Turner on Her Experiences with Roxcy Bolton, January 25, 1994

Roxcy Bolton Interview with Coral Gables Television, 2001

Roxcy Bolton Interview with Coral Gables Television, 2001

  • Research Starter
  • Teacher's Guide

Floridiana Articles

  • Florida and the Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
  • Roxcy Bolton: A Force for Equality
  • Roxcy Bolton: Advocate for Women in Crisis
  • What’s in a Hurricane’s Name?
  • Women's Equality Day

Exhibits

  • In Her Own Words: Remarkable Women in 20th-Century Florida

Guiding Questions

  • Read the letter from the president of Jordan Marsh and the letter from the vice president of Burdines. Using clues from the letters, what was the policy that Roxcy Bolton was trying to change? What was the result?
  • Hurricanes are given names so meteorologists and the public can identify storms as they move across water and land. The World Meteorological Organization now names hurricanes after men and women. From 1953 to 1979, however, all U.S. hurricanes and tropical storms had women’s names. Read the letter from Roxcy Bolton to the director of the Hurricane Center in Coral Gables. What was Roxcy Bolton trying to change? Read the letter from Roxcy Bolton to the director of the National Weather Service. What point was Bolton trying to make?
  • High school student Victoria J. Powell wrote to Roxcy Bolton asking for her help on behalf of her younger sister, Wendy. What is the problem Powell is describing? What solution does Powell propose?

  • How did Roxcy Bolton's actions influence the changing status of women in the United States?

Next Generation Sunshine State Standards

SS.4.A.1.1: Analyze primary and secondary resources to identify significant individuals and events throughout Florida history.

SS.912.A.7.3: Examine the changing status of women in the United States from post-World War II to present.

SS.912.A.7.5: Compare nonviolent and violent approaches utilized by groups (African Americans, women, Native Americans, Hispanics) to achieve civil rights.

SS.912.A.7.7: Assess the building of coalitions between African Americans, whites, and other groups in achieving integration and equal rights.

SS.912.A.7.17: Examine key events and key people in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

Document Analysis Worksheets from the National Archives

Document analysis is the first step in working with primary sources. Teach your students to think through primary source documents for contextual understanding and to extract information to make informed judgments. The document analysis worksheets created by the National Archives and Records Administration are in the public domain.

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