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Listen: The Bluegrass & Old-Time ProgramBrian Wright, apprentice to hymn liner Troy Demps, leads a congregation in singing a hymn. - Orlando, Florida.
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Series 1640, Folk Arts Apprenticeship Slides: 1994-1995 ; Box 18
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Brian Wright is on the right; Troy Demps is at center.
Hymn lining is a style of singing that was established in the colonies in the 1640s. Since slaves (and many whites) could not read and the number of hymnals was limited, they "lined out" or "raised a hymn." A church elder or minister (sometimes called an "exhorter") who could read would recite a line, then sing it with the congregation. The process was repeated until the hymn was completed.
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