NASA and the Space Program Change Florida

Teacher's Guide for NASA Videos

Background Information

The Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the first man-made satellite, into space in 1957. Americans watched the Soviet satellite beeping and blinking across the American night sky. Sputnik I weighed only 184 pounds and could do little more than beep, but many people worried that this meant the United States was losing the race to develop space technology.

Pressure exploded from United States politicians and the American public demanding that the country catch up and increase investment in rocket technology and aeronautics.

Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson used his influence to push the Aeronautics and Space Act through Congress the following year. President Dwight D. Eisenhower used the authority granted by this act to establish the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958. When John F. Kennedy took office as President in 1961, he committed the United States to the goal of landing a human on the moon.

Cape Canaveral, Florida, was geographically very well suited to become America's spaceport. It was a sparsely populated strip of flat land facing the ocean. Railroads and ships could bring in the materials to build the launch pad and space station. The Caribbean islands were near enough for monitoring and communication stations.

Project Mercury

Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. The goals of the program were to place a manned spacecraft in orbit around Earth, investigate man's performance capabilities and ability to function in space, and recover both man and spacecraft safely.

Kennedy Space Center

NASA established a new space launch center on Brevard County's Cape Canaveral in 1962, which had been used as a missile testing center. The next year, President Lyndon B. Johnson renamed the center in honor of the recently assassinated John F. Kennedy, calling it the Kennedy Space Center. Cape Canaveral was also known as Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973.

To the Moon

Apollo 8 was the first human spaceflight mission to travel to, but not land on, Earth's moon. The crew of Apollo 10 also orbited the moon but did not land. The Apollo 11 mission finally achieved a moon landing. On July 20, 1969, Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr. landed in the Sea of Tranquility and became the first humans to walk on the moon.

The Space Shuttle

One of the greatest achievements witnessed at the Kennedy Space Center was the successful development and repeated launching of reusable orbiting spacecraft, the space shuttles. More than a hundred space shuttle flights have sent astronauts into orbit to study space and map the earth, construct and outfit the International Space Center, successfully deploy the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and perform ongoing repairs to the Hubble Space Telescope.

The Space Age Changes the Economy and Culture of Florida

The Space Age changed Florida forever. Thousands of new workers moved to the state and transformed Cape Canaveral into a hub of aeronautics, electronics design and manufacturing.

Cities near the Cape, such as Titusville, Cocoa, Melbourne and Orlando, grew rapidly in population. Factories manufacturing crucial products for the space programs emerged all over the state. Space exploration and related industries pumped billions of dollars of federal funding into Florida's economy.

The National Defense Education Act of 1958 provided federal funding for education, especially in mathematics, science, engineering and modern foreign languages. New science and math programs were created, and existing programs were strengthened, as money poured in to educate Floridians to work in the space industry.

Space became an integral part of Florida’s culture. Communities near Cape Canaveral promoted Florida’s “Space Coast” as a new and exciting destination for tourists. Motels, restaurants and even housing developments adopted space-related themes to capture the interest of visitors and potential new residents. Developers and chambers of commerce emphasized Florida’s role in the space industry to attract new people and new businesses to their communities.

After the successful Apollo launches and subsequent change in direction of NASA’s mission and goals, major portions of NASA personnel and members of the area’s space-related workforce left for high-tech and military career opportunities in the Pacific Northwest, southern California and the northeastern states. However, thousands of native Floridians and recruited workers stayed following decades of serving the nation’s drive to explore space.

An entire generation of space-industry workers retired in the Space Coast area. Other initiatives, such as environmental services, including the development of solar energy technology, attracted even more skilled workers to the Space Coast. After five decades of space age development, Florida remains one of the nation’s centers for technology and manufacturing industries and still serves as the home of one of the world's most significant spaceports.

Florida: Moonport USA

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Florida: Moonport USA

Menu for an Astronaut

Apollo and Gemini

Florida: Moonport USA

This film starts with a Mercury launch sequence. It shows a thriving aerospace industry in its prime. The film shows recreation, educational centers, and corporations and their space-related products. It describes the economic, cultural and population boom. The film was sponsored by the Florida Development Commission.

Menu for an Astronaut

This film, which takes place in a Whirlpool facility, opens with a quick-cut sequence of a chef holding different kinds of food. The chef explains how new food processes were created to feed the astronauts. The film then shows how food is processed for use by astronauts in space.

Apollo and Gemini

This film includes actual footage from outer space, along with scenes from Cape Kennedy and the construction of various spacecraft.

Some Useful Questions to Ask:

• Look at the title of the film. What do you think the film will be about?
• What are some activities that you expect to see?
• Who are some people you might expect to see?
• According to the film, how did NASA and the space program influence Florida's growth, economy and culture?
• To whom do you think the creators of this film wanted to communicate?
• What does this film tell you about life in Florida at the time it was made?

Use to Illustrate:

• How NASA and the space program influenced Florida's growth, economy and culture.
• Spin-off technology from the space program.

Next Generation Sunshine State Standards

• SS.4.A.1.1: Analyze primary and secondary resources to identify significant individuals and events throughout Florida history.
• SS.4.A.8.3: Describe the effect of the United States space program on Florida's economy and growth.
• SC.4.E.5.5: Investigate and report the effects of space research and exploration on the economy and culture of Florida.
  
• SC.8.E.5.12: Describe the effect of the United States space program on Florida's economy and growth.
• SS.8.A.1.7: View historic events through the eyes of those who were there as shown in their art, writings, music, and artifacts.
• SS.912.A.6.15: Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history.
  Examples are Mosquito Fleet, "Double V Campaign," construction of military bases and WWII training centers, 1959 Cuban coup and its impact on Florida, development of the space program and NASA.
• SS.912.A.7.17: Examine key events and key people in Florida history as they relate to United States history.
  Examples are selection of Central Florida as a location for Disney, growth of the citrus and cigar industries, construction of Interstates, Harry T. Moore, Pork Chop Gang, Claude Pepper, changes in the space program, use of DEET, Hurricane Andrew, the Election of 2000, migration and immigration, Sunbelt state.
  
• SC.912.E.5.9 Analyze the broad effects of space exploration on the economy and culture of Florida. Recognize the economic, technical and social benefits of spinoff technology developed through the space program.

Florida Standards

• LAFS.4.RI.1.1: Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
• LAFS.4.RI.1.2: Determine the main idea of a text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize the text.
• LAFS.4.RI.1.3: Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text, including what happened and why, based on specific information in the text.
• LAFS.4.RI.1.1: Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
• LAFS.68.RH.1.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
• LAFS.68.RH.1.2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.
• LAFS.68.RH.2.6: Identify aspects of a text that reveal an author’s point of view or purpose (e.g., loaded language, inclusion or avoidance of particular facts).
• LAFS.68.RH.3.7: Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts.
• LAFS.910.RH.1.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.
• LAFS.910.RH.1.2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of how key events or ideas develop over the course of the text.
• LAFS.1112.RH.1.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole.
• LAFS.1112.RH.1.2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas.